A Match A to B.
A B
1 Cigarettes damage your health.
2 Ron’s bus is leaving soon.
3 It’s a secret.
4 It’s Sunday tomorrow.
5 It’s Kate’s birthday tomorrow.
6 I don’t feel well.
B Write sentences about what people should or shouldn’t do in the countryside. Use the words
below.
...... a Should I buy her a present?
...... b Do I have to go to school today?
...... c You shouldn’t smoke.
...... d He must go now.
...... e We don’t have to wake up early.
...... f You mustn’t tell anyone!
1 ......................................................................
2 ......................................................................
3 ......................................................................
walk
keep
pick
disturb
close
light
the flowers
the gates
fires
the farm animals
the countryside clean
on the path
4 ......................................................................
5 ......................................................................
6 ......................................................................
C Choose the correct word.
1 You shouldn’t / may not eat so much meat.
2 We should / may go to the party. I’m not sure.
3 You could / should be careful when you lift
heavy things!
D Complete the sentences with the modals below.
1 Grandad, ...................... you ride a bicycle when you were my age?
2 We ...................... sleep because of the noise.
3 You ...................... touch that plate! You’ll burn your hand.
4 Our class didn’t ...................... do any homework yesterday. Our teacher was ill.
5 Peter ...................... go on the school trip. He hasn’t decided yet.
6 ...................... you help me with my homework, please?
7 Laura ...................... go to a doctor. She’s not feeling well.
8 Cars ...................... stop when the traffic lights are red.
People should walk on the path.
4 Must / May we leave so soon?
5 I feel ill. I couldn’t / may not go out.
6 I can’t / mustn’t hear you. Speak louder, please.
can couldn’t could must mustn’t should have to may
Modals – Answers
A 1 c 3 f 5 a
2 d 4 e 6 b
B 1 People should walk on the path.
2 People should keep the countryside clean.
3 People shouldn’t pick the flowers.
4 People shouldn’t disturb the farm animals.
5 People should close the gates.
6 People shouldn’t light fires.
C 1 shouldn’t 4 Must
2 may 5 may not
3 should 6 can’t
D 1 could 5 may
2 couldn’t 6 Can
3 mustn’t 7 should
4 have to 8 must
Modal verbs: must and have to
|
Modal verbs: must and have to
|
|
Use
We use must to talk about a personal feeling
of obligation to do something.
I
must remember to post the letter
today.
You
must phone your grandmother
tonight.
We use have to to talk about an obligation
that
is a fact, or a rule or
law.
You
have to be sixteen before you can
leave school.
We
have to revise for our exams next
week.
We use don’t have to/doesn’t have to to talk about something that is not an
obligation.
You
don’t have to do any homework
tonight.
We use mustn’t to say that something
is prohibited.
You
mustn’t smoke in this area.
We use had to to talk about a past
obligation.
We
had to get up at five o’clock this
morning.
Form
must / mustn’t + infinitive
I
must phone Sarah tonight.
have
to / don’t have to / doesn’t have to
+ infinitive
We
don’t have to get up early
tomorrow.
had
to + infinitive
John
had to help his mother yesterday.
|
1 Complete
the sentences with must or have to/has
to.
I must remember to buy some new
shampoo
tomorrow.
We have
to arrive at school before 8.30
every morning.
1 In my country you ……………… be sixteen before
you can get married. It’s the law.
2 I ……………… send an email to Cathy tonight. I
haven’t been in touch with her for ages.
3 You ……………… help your brother with his
homework. He’s having real problems.
4 All
the students at my friend’s school
………………
wear a uniform.
5 In Britain, everybody ……………… drive on the
right-hand side of the road.
6 We ……………… buy a present for Dad. It’s his
birthday next week.
2 Complete the sentences with mustn’t
or don’t have to / doesn’t have to.
1 You
……………… bring an umbrella. It
isn’t
raining.
2 Rachel ……………… forget to water the plants
while her parents are on holiday.
3 We ……………… go to school tomorrow. It’s a national
holiday.
4 He ……………… bring his CD player to the party.
We’ve already got one.
5 You ……………… ride a motorbike without wearing a
helmet.
6 ‘I’m flying to Seville tomorrow.’
‘You
…………… forget your passport
this
time!’
7 They ……………… meet us at the airport. We’re
going to get a taxi into town.
8 You ……………… talk during the exam.
3 Choose the correct words.
When The Face Model Agency
offered fifteen-
year-old Julie Willis a job, it was a dream
come true. However, once she started work,
Julie found she had no time for school.
Finally
she decided she 1 had to / mustn’t leave.
Many people criticized her decision.
‘It was a difficult thing to do,’ says Julie.
‘And I miss all my friends. But I 2
had to /
must make a choice.
Although I 3 don’t have
to /
mustn’t go to school, I still 4
have to /
mustn’t study. I have a
private tutor now. My
parents told me I 5 don’t have to / have to
take some exams.’
‘Most models retire young,’ adds Julie’s
mother. ‘So Julie 6 mustn’t / doesn’t have to
forget that she needs qualifications for her
next job.’
But at the moment Julie isn’t worried about
the future. ‘Next week I 7 have to / mustn’t
go to New York for a photoshoot,’ she says.
‘I still can’t believe my luck!’
Modal
verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t
|
Modal
verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t
|
|
Use
We use may, might and could when we
think something is possible in the present or future.
Certain
diets may prevent cancer.
We use must when we think something is
certain in the present or future.
He
must be very ill. He’s been off
work all week.
We use can’t when we think something is
impossible in the present or future.
You
can’t be hungry. You’ve just eaten
a
huge
pizza.
We use may have, might have, could have,
must have and can’t have + past
participle to make deductions about the past.
I’m
not sure, but I think Jamie may have
gone
home.
Form
must/can’t/might/may/could + infinitive
They
might go to France for their
holidays, but they haven’t decided yet.
may have, might have, could have, must have
and can’t have + past participle
Jenny isn’t in her room. She must have gone out.
|
1 Rewrite
the sentences using the modal verbs.
Mark is thinking
about going snowboarding. (might)
Mark
might go snowboarding.
1 It’s possible that Jane will visit
Switzerland next year. (could)
………………………………………………
2 I’m thinking about taking Spanish lessons.
(may)
………………………………………………
3 I’m sure they’ll be home by now. (must)
………………………………………………
4 James definitely isn’t eighteen yet! (can’t)
………………………………………………
5 It’s possible the weather will be sunny
tomorrow. (might)
………………………………………………
2 Read
the story. Then rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs.
|
Mr Smith was an ordinary
man. Every day he
went to work at nine
o’clock and came back at
half past five. Mr Smith
was married to
Mrs Smith. One day Mrs
Smith disappeared.
The next day
Mr Smith started planting
flowers in his garden.
He continued
to go to work as usual. Then
one day he didn’t go to
work. He left the house
at ten o’clock, and came
back at two o’clock
driving a new car. The
next day Mr Smith
moved out. I never saw him
again.
|
There’s a
possibility that he argued with his wife. (might)
He
might have argued with his wife.
1 I’m sure that Mrs Smith didn’t leave home.
(can’t)
Mrs Smith ……………………………………
2 Perhaps she’s gone to stay with her mother.
(might)
She …………………………………………
3 It’s possible that Mr Smith committed a
crime. (may)
Mr Smith ……………………………………
4 I’m certain that he buried something in the
garden. (must)
He ……………………………………………
5 Perhaps he won the lottery. (could)
He ……………………………………………
6 I’m sure he bought a new car. (must)
He ……………………………………………
7 Perhaps Mr Smith murdered his wife. (might)
Mr
Smith ……………………………………
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